Amino acids has a carboxylic group. (cooh) and amino group and a side chain R bonded to alpha carbon
About 3000 amino acids occur
170 in cells and tissues
20 involved in protein formation
C N LINKED by peptide bond
PROTEINS
LINEAR polymers of amino acids
Highmolecular weight. 8000 to 10000
LINKED by peptide linkage
LEVELS OF PROTEIN
4 LEVELS
Primary structure'
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternry structure
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
Formed in order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain and the location of do sulphide bond .
Size depend on nmbr of amino acids comprising it.A single change in a single amino Acid result in the failure of that protein. .lead to death
INSULIN Contains of 51 amino acids 21 alpha. & 30 beta
HEMOGLOBIN. 574 amino acids 141. Amino acids comprising of 2 chain of alpha chain
2 nd bete chain 146 amino acids comprising of 2 chain
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
Formed by folding of polypeptide chain
Alpha helix & beta pleated sheat are its example
Alpha helix has unique structure with 3.6 amino acids in each turn of helix
Beta pleated sheat formed by fold back of polypeptide
TERTIARY SSTRUCTURE
Formed by aggregation of polypeptide chain
Most stable structure is that in which hydrophobic amino acids are burrirdinside while hydrophobic amino acids are on the surface of molecule.
QUATERNARY STRUCTURE
two or more polypeptide chain stable ized by non covelant bond. E.g. HB
Aggregation of polypeptide chain
Bonded by ionic Disulphide Hydrogen
Polypeptide TERTIARY structure chain are aggregate ed and held together by hydrophobic interaction
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